PCOS - The Hormone Health Clinic

What is PCOS? A Comprehensive Guide

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder affecting women of reproductive age. What exactly is it? Let's find out.

What is PCOS?

In short, PCOS is characterized by imbalances in reproductive hormones. This leads to various symptoms, but the core issues are irregular periods or absence of periods (amenorrhea), high levels of androgens (male hormones), and the presence of many small cysts on the ovaries. It's important to note that not every woman with cysts on her ovaries has PCOS. Diagnosis requires consideration of the complete clinical picture.

Key Features of PCOS:

• Irregular periods or Amenorrhea: This is often the first sign. Periods might be infrequent, irregular, or absent. This is due to hormonal imbalances.
• High Androgen Levels: Elevated androgen levels can manifest in several ways, including:
  • Hirsutism: Excessive hair growth on the face, chest, and back.
  • Acne: Persistent or severe acne, often resistant to typical treatments.
  • Male-pattern baldness or hair thinning: This is less common but can be a significant symptom.
• Polycystic Ovaries: Ultrasound scans may show enlarged ovaries with multiple small cysts. However, this is not the defining feature alone.

What Causes PCOS?

The exact cause of PCOS is unknown, but it's believed to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Family history plays a significant role, with increased risk if your mother or sister has PCOS. Insulin resistance, where the body doesn't use insulin effectively, is also strongly linked to PCOS.

What are the potential long-term health consequences of PCOS?

PCOS can increase the risk of several serious health conditions, including:

• Type 2 diabetes: Insulin resistance, a common feature of PCOS, can lead to diabetes.
• Heart disease: High cholesterol and high blood pressure are more common in women with PCOS, increasing the risk of heart disease.
• Sleep apnea: A condition where breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep.
• Infertility: Irregular ovulation makes conception more difficult. However, many women with PCOS can still have children with appropriate interventions.
• Endometrial cancer: The lack of regular periods in PCOS can increase the risk of this cancer.

How is PCOS Diagnosed?

A healthcare professional will typically conduct a physical exam, review your medical history, and order tests such as:

• Pelvic exam: To check for abnormalities.
• Blood tests: To measure hormone levels and check for insulin resistance.
• Ultrasound: To visualize the ovaries and look for cysts.

What are the treatment options for PCOS?

Treatment for PCOS is tailored to individual needs and symptoms. Options may include:

• Lifestyle changes: Weight loss, regular exercise, and a healthy diet can significantly improve symptoms.
• Medications: Various medications can manage symptoms like irregular periods, acne, hirsutism, and insulin resistance.
• Fertility treatments: For women trying to conceive, fertility treatments may be an option.

In short: PCOS manifests uniquely in each woman, but understanding the core features allows for earlier diagnosis and management of this complex condition. If you think you might have PCOS, consult your doctor. Early intervention can significantly improve your health and well-being. You are not alone. Consider seeking care at The Hormone Health Clinic for assistance with diagnosis and treatment.